Practices of Green Financing and Sustainable Development: Scope and Complexity

Green financing or environmentally friendly financing is a newly arising financial form to accumulate environmental preservation with sustainable goals, economic gains, emphasizes environmental benefits, low carbon economy in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Entrepreneurs, investors, and owners of the organization of different countries in the world are more concerned about investment their capital that’s why they prefer green or sustainable financing. The article is devoted to the study of the essence of "green" finance and to highlight the present condition of green financing in Bangladesh. This research paper mostly draws on secondary data that was gathered from the Bangladesh Bank's annual report as well as publications on sustainable and inclusive banking, green banking, and green financing that were published in newspapers, journals, and books. The goal of the article is to examine how green financing might be used to achieve sustainable development objectives in Bangladesh and reveals the various challenges that impact to achieve the sustainable development of Bangladesh as well as opportunities which are going to aid the financial institutions of our country. The necessity of greening the financial system is covered in this study and the role of financial governance to overcome the crisis of electricity and how renewable energy (green) will help to diminish this difficulty. Keywords: Green Finance, Sustainable Development, COVID-19, Electric Crisis, Environment DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/14-1-02 Publication date: January 31st 202

Temperature during pregnancy influences the fetal growth and birth size

BackgroundBirth weight and length have seasonal fluctuations. However, it is uncertain which meteorological element has an effect on birth outcomes and which timing of pregnancy would explain such effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine temperature effects during pregnancy and which timing of pregnancy has effects on size at birth.MethodsA large, randomized, controlled trial of food and micronutrient supplementation for pregnant women was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh (MINIMat Study), where women were enrolled from November 2001 to October 2003. The fetal growth data which included the size at birth and information of their mothers were obtained (n = 3267). Meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and daily sunshine hours during pregnancy were observed at the nearest observatory site of Bangladesh Meteorological Department.ResultsInfants born in colder months (November–January) were shorter than those born in hot and dry, and monsoon months (mean (SD) of birth length was 47.5 cm (2.2) vs. 47.8 cm (2.1) vs. 47.9 cm (2.1) respectively; P < 0.001). Increased temperature during the last month of pregnancy was significantly related with increased birth length with adjustment for gestational weeks and the season at birth, and remained significant with further adjustments for precipitation, sex of infants, maternal early-pregnancy BMI, parity, and education status of the mother (P < 0.01). On the other hand, increased temperature at mid-gestation was associated with increased birth weight (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that temperature affects both birth weight and length. The more temperature increased at the last month of pregnancy, birth length became longer. For birth weight, the temperature at mid-pregnancy affected in a positive way

Carcinoid Klatskin tumour: A Rare Cause of Obstructive Jaundice

Carcinoid tumours of the extrahepatic biliary ducts represent an extremely rare cause of bile duct obstruction. We report a case of obstructive jaundice secondary to carcinoid tumour arising at the hilar confluence. Resection of the primary tumour was done and the patient is doing well on follow-up. This case demonstrated that surgery offers the only potential cure for biliary carcinoid and aggressive surgical therapy should be the preferred treatment in cases of potentially resectable biliary tumours

Fetal growth restriction in rural Bangladesh: a prospective study

BackgroundFetal growth restriction (FGR) and low birth weight(LBW) are serious public health problems. In developing countries, the incidence of low birth weight is predominantly the result of FGR, and both low birth weight and FGR are associated with neonatal death and later growth and development. Fetal growth charts are important for assessing the size of the fetus during pregnancy. The aims of this study were to describe the fetal growth pattern of a population in rural Bangladesh where maternal undernutrition is prevalent and to compare the timing of FGR in that population with WHO and INTERGROWTH- 21st international reference values.MethodsFrom November 2001 to October 2003, pregnant women were recruited in Matlab, a sub district of Bangladesh, and underwent three follow-up ultrasound examinations during pregnancy for measurement of the parameters of the fetal head, abdomen, and femur. The data were fitted to a linear-cubic model, and the derived values were compared with international reference values.ResultsA total of 2678 singleton pregnancies were included in the analyses. The mean (SD) maternal age was 25.9 (5.8) years (range, 14–47 years). The mean (SD) early pregnancy BMI was 20.1 (2.6) kg/m2, and 27.6% of the women were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). The growth of the biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference was significantly smaller throughout the pregnancy than the reference values (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, a larger deviation in the growth of Bangladeshi fetuses was observed after 28 weeks of gestation when compared with the WHO and INTERGROWTH-21st reference fetal growth charts (P ≤ 0.05). After 28 weeks of gestation, the average Bangladesh estimated fetal weight gain per week of gestational age was significantly lower than the WHO estimated fetal weight by as much as 67.4 g (P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsThe present population-based study showed that fetuses were smaller in the third trimester when compared with the reference charts. Growth faltering started in the second trimester for all the biometric parameters for the head, abdomen, and femur. This finding provides more challenges concerning nutritional interventions

Temperature during pregnancy influences the fetal growth and birth size

Background: Birth weight and length have seasonal fluctuations. However, it is uncertain which meteorological element has an effect on birth outcomes and which timing of pregnancy would explain such effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine temperature effects during pregnancy and which timing of pregnancy has effects on size at birth. Methods: A large, randomized, controlled trial of food and micronutrient supplementation for pregnant women was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh (MINIMat Study), where women were enrolled from November 2001 to October 2003. The fetal growth data which included the size at birth and information of their mothers were obtained (n = 3267). Meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and daily sunshine hours during pregnancy were observed at the nearest observatory site of Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Results: Infants born in colder months (November–January) were shorter than those born in hot and dry, and monsoon months (mean (SD) of birth length was 47.5 cm (2.2) vs. 47.8 cm (2.1) vs. 47.9 cm (2.1) respectively; P < 0.001). Increased temperature during the last month of pregnancy was significantly related with increased birth length with adjustment for gestational weeks and the season at birth, and remained significant with further adjustments for precipitation, sex of infants, maternal early-pregnancy BMI, parity, and education status of the mother (P < 0.01). On the other hand, increased temperature at mid-gestation was associated with increased birth weight (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that temperature affects both birth weight and length. The more temperature increased at the last month of pregnancy, birth length became longer. For birth weight, the temperature at mid-pregnancy affected in a positive way

Anatomical Variation of Olfactory Fossa on Computed Tomography of Paranasal Sinuses

Objective: To determine the frequency of anatomical variation of olfactory fossa among the adult Pakistani population by Keros classification on computed tomography (CT) of paranasal sinuses. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: A total of 65 patients of either gender were included. Patients with previous trauma or surgery of the skull base or paranasal sinuses, malignant diseases of the sinuses and congenital anomalies were excluded. All the included patients in the study underwent CT paranasal sinuses. Measurements of the olfactory fossae followed by grouping as per Kero’s classification were done, and CT findings were recorded. Results: The patients included in the study ranged from 18 to 65 years, with a mean age of 33.09±10.86 years and 72.3% of patients 18 to 40 years of age. Of 65 patients, 36(55.4%) were males, and 29(44.6%) were females. The mean CT depth of the olfactory fossa was 6.34 ±4.03mm. Type-I olfactory fossa by Keros classification was found in 17(26.2%), Type-II in 35(53.8%) and Type-III in 13(20%) of patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that Keros Type-II is the most common anatomical variation of olfactory fossa among the adult Pakistani population on CT of paranasal sinuses with an intermsediate risk of intracranial complications during endoscopic sinus surgery involving this region